Can a School Suspend a Student for Writing an Email that was Never Sent?
On the morning of October 9, 2024, “N.M.,” a sophomore at Marana High School in Marana, Arizona, was sitting next to his mother, Karalee Merrill, complaining about a poor grade he had received on an English assignment. His mom suggested he email the teacher to inquire about how to improve his grade. N.M. opened his […]
Child Rights Impact Assessments (CRIAs) to Support Youth Online
In April 2025, Prince Harry and Meghan, the Duke and Duchess of Sussex, spotlighted the issue of youth online safety by unveiling the Lost Screen Memorial in New York City. This temporary installation, organized by their Archewell Foundation, featured 50 illuminated lightboxes shaped like smartphones. Each displayed the lock screen photo of a child whose […]
The SAFEST Model: Streamlining EU Youth Online Safety Legislation
Research demonstrates that social media offers young people significant benefits while simultaneously presenting notable risks. These services enable vital social connections, foster learning and skill development, provide safe spaces for identity exploration (especially crucial for underrepresented youth), and create opportunities for civic engagement and activism. However, these advantages are accompanied by a variety of potential […]
Addressing Youth Sexting Through Rational Legislation and Education
Sexting is defined as “the sending or receiving of sexually explicit or sexually suggestive images or videos,” usually via mobile devices. Our research indicates that at least 14% of US middle and high school students report that they have sent explicit images to others, while about 23% have received these kinds of images from their […]
The Nature and Extent of Youth Sextortion: Legal Implications and Directions for Future Research
Sextortion, the threatened dissemination of explicit, intimate, or embarrassing images of a sexual nature without consent, is an understudied problem. Despite a recent increase in reported incidents among adolescents in the United States, little is known about the nature and extent of sextortion among this population. The current research explores sextortion behaviors among a national […]
State Laws, Social Media Bans, and Youth: What Are We Doing?
There has been a flurry of activity related to new legislation intending to make social media and gaming platforms safer and more accountable to upholding expected standards of trust, security, transparency, and privacy. These laws are being proposed because of continued concern of possible ill effects of popular platforms on the well-being of young people. […]
State Sexting Laws
This regularly updated fact sheet provides a brief overview of the main elements of state sexting laws in the United States. More detailed information can be found here: https://cyberbullying.org/sexting-laws If you are aware of updates to the sexting laws in your state that are not included, please let us know. Hinduja, S. & Patchin, J. […]
State Cyberbullying Laws: A Brief Review of State Cyberbullying Laws and Policies
This Research Summary summarizes the current state of cyberbullying bills and laws across the United States. More detailed information can be found here: https://cyberbullying.org/bullying-laws Hinduja, S. & Patchin, J. (2018). State Cyberbullying Laws: A Brief Review of State Cyberbullying Laws and Policies. Cyberbullying Research Center. Retrieved [insert date], from https://cyberbullying.org/Bullying-and-Cyberbullying-Laws.pdf Download PDF
Emoji as Threats in Student Messages and Social Media
When we speak to students in schools across the nation, we always focus on the positives of social media while also sharing case studies to underscore the reminder they frequently need to hear: “pause before you post.” While there are numerous examples of students missing out on college and university slots, scholarships, and employment opportunities […]
Revenge Porn Research, Laws, and Help for Victims
With presidential candidate Hillary Clinton recently pledging at a town hall meeting that she would do whatever she could to end revenge porn (and cyberbullying [call us, Hillary, we can help! Donald, you too!]), I thought it was time to take a closer look at the phenomenon. A couple of weeks ago, I wrote about […]
