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This 15-question quiz will test your knowledge of what the research says about cyberbullying. You’ll learn how often it occurs, who does it most often, how it affects targets, what schools and families can do, and so much more. Don’t cheat by using your phone or Google or anything like that. You can do this. Good luck!
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- Question 1 of 15
1. Question
Targets of cyberbullying are at an increased risk for traditional bullying victimization, substance use, and school problems.
CorrectOVer ten years ago, we were able to identify that victims of cyberbullying were significantly more likely to report experiences with traditional bullying, to use illicit substances, and to have other problems at school.
Hinduja, S. & Patchin, J. W. (2008). Cyberbullying: An Exploratory Analysis of Factors Related to Offending and Victimization. Deviant Behavior, 29(2), 129-156.
Other research has confirmed these links:
Brown, C. F., Demaray, M. K., Tennant, J. E., & Jenkins, L. N. (2017). Cyber Victimization in High School: Measurement, Overlap With Face-to-Face Victimization, and Associations With Social–Emotional Outcomes. School psychology review, 46(3), 288-303.
Merrill, R. M., & Hanson, C. L. (2016). Risk and protective factors associated with being bullied on school property compared with cyberbullied. BMC public health, 16(1), 145.
Kowalski, R. M., & Limber, S. P. (2013). Psychological, physical, and academic correlates of cyberbullying and traditional bullying. Journal of Adolescent Health, 53(1), S13-S20.
Waasdorp, T. E., & Bradshaw, C. P. (2015). The overlap between cyberbullying and traditional bullying. Journal of Adolescent Health, 56(5), 483-488.
Erdur-Baker, Ö. (2010). Cyberbullying and its correlation to traditional bullying, gender and frequent and risky usage of internet-mediated communication tools. New media & society,12(1), 109-125.
Gámez-Guadix, M., Orue, I., Smith, P. K., & Calvete, E. (2013). Longitudinal and reciprocal relations of cyberbullying with depression, substance use, and problematic internet use among adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 53(4), 446-452.
Goebert, D., Else, I., Matsu, C., Chung-Do, J., & Chang, J. Y. (2011). The impact of cyberbullying on substance use and mental health in a multiethnic sample. Maternal and child health journal, 15(8), 1282-1286.
IncorrectOVer ten years ago, we were able to identify that victims of cyberbullying were significantly more likely to report experiences with traditional bullying, to use illicit substances, and to have other problems at school.
Hinduja, S. & Patchin, J. W. (2008). Cyberbullying: An Exploratory Analysis of Factors Related to Offending and Victimization. Deviant Behavior, 29(2), 129-156.
Other research has confirmed these links:
Brown, C. F., Demaray, M. K., Tennant, J. E., & Jenkins, L. N. (2017). Cyber Victimization in High School: Measurement, Overlap With Face-to-Face Victimization, and Associations With Social–Emotional Outcomes. School psychology review, 46(3), 288-303.
Merrill, R. M., & Hanson, C. L. (2016). Risk and protective factors associated with being bullied on school property compared with cyberbullied. BMC public health, 16(1), 145.
Kowalski, R. M., & Limber, S. P. (2013). Psychological, physical, and academic correlates of cyberbullying and traditional bullying. Journal of Adolescent Health, 53(1), S13-S20.
Waasdorp, T. E., & Bradshaw, C. P. (2015). The overlap between cyberbullying and traditional bullying. Journal of Adolescent Health, 56(5), 483-488.
Erdur-Baker, Ö. (2010). Cyberbullying and its correlation to traditional bullying, gender and frequent and risky usage of internet-mediated communication tools. New media & society,12(1), 109-125.
Gámez-Guadix, M., Orue, I., Smith, P. K., & Calvete, E. (2013). Longitudinal and reciprocal relations of cyberbullying with depression, substance use, and problematic internet use among adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 53(4), 446-452.
Goebert, D., Else, I., Matsu, C., Chung-Do, J., & Chang, J. Y. (2011). The impact of cyberbullying on substance use and mental health in a multiethnic sample. Maternal and child health journal, 15(8), 1282-1286.
- Question 2 of 15
2. Question
Most targets of cyberbullying tell an adult (parent or teacher) about their experience.
CorrectAccording to Bullying Beyond the Schoolyard: Preventing and Responding to Cyberbullying, only about 40% of middle school targets of cyberbullying told their parents and less than 30% told a teacher. The book also points out that these numbers are much improved from just 4 years ago when fewer than 15% of victims told an adult.
Hinduja, S. & Patchin, J. W. (2016). Bullying Beyond the Schoolyard: Preventing and Responding to Cyberbullying. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
IncorrectAccording to Bullying Beyond the Schoolyard: Preventing and Responding to Cyberbullying, only about 40% of middle school targets of cyberbullying told their parents and less than 30% told a teacher. The book also points out that these numbers are much improved from just 4 years ago when fewer than 15% of victims told an adult.
Hinduja, S. & Patchin, J. W. (2016). Bullying Beyond the Schoolyard: Preventing and Responding to Cyberbullying. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
- Question 3 of 15
3. Question
Most students have experienced cyberbullying.
CorrectActually, this is not true. On average, about 1/3rd to 1/4th of middle and high school students in America have been the target of cyberbullying at some point in their lifetimes. So the majority have not experienced it.
https://cyberbullying.org/facts/
Hinduja, S. & Patchin, J. W. (2012). Cyberbullying: Neither an Epidemic Nor a Rarity. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 9(5), 539-543.
Patchin, J. W. & Hinduja, S. (2012). Cyberbullying: An Update and Synthesis of the Research (pp. 13-36). In J. W. Patchin and S. Hinduja (Eds.). Cyberbullying Prevention and Response: Expert Perspectives. New York: Routledge.
Sabella, R. A., Patchin, J. W., & Hinduja, S. (2013). Cyberbullying myths and realities. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(6), 2703-2711.
IncorrectActually, this is not true. On average, about 1/3rd to 1/4th of middle and high school students in America have been the target of cyberbullying at some point in their lifetimes. So the majority have not experienced it.
https://cyberbullying.org/facts/
Hinduja, S. & Patchin, J. W. (2012). Cyberbullying: Neither an Epidemic Nor a Rarity. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 9(5), 539-543.
Patchin, J. W. & Hinduja, S. (2012). Cyberbullying: An Update and Synthesis of the Research (pp. 13-36). In J. W. Patchin and S. Hinduja (Eds.). Cyberbullying Prevention and Response: Expert Perspectives. New York: Routledge.
Sabella, R. A., Patchin, J. W., & Hinduja, S. (2013). Cyberbullying myths and realities. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(6), 2703-2711.
- Question 4 of 15
4. Question
Victims report that they are primarily cyberbullied by strangers.
CorrectWhen it comes to cyberbullying, the concept of “stranger danger” is not usually accurate. According to Bullying Beyond the Schoolyard: Preventing and Responding to Cyberbullying, 21.1% of victims said the cyberbully was a friend, 20% said it was an ex-friend, and 26.5% said it was someone else from school. Only 6.5% said the cyberbully was a stranger. Articles published in the Journal of Adolescent Health also found that most youth are victimized by someone that they know, and the conflict that prompts the harassment often originates at school.
Hinduja, S. & Patchin, J. W. (2009). Bullying beyond the Schoolyard: Preventing and Responding to Cyberbullying. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications (ISBN: 9781412966894).
See also:
Felmlee, D., & Faris, R. (2016). Toxic ties: Networks of friendship, dating, and cyber victimization. Social Psychology Quarterly, 79(3), 243-262.
Kowalski, R. M., & Limber, S. P. (2007). Electronic Bullying Among Middle School Students. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41, S22-S30.
Ybarra, M. L., Diener-West, M., & Leaf, P. J. (2007). Examining the Overlap in Internet Harassment and School Bullying: Implications for School Intervention. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41, S42-S50.
Hinduja, S. & Patchin, J. W. (2015). Bullying Beyond the Schoolyard: Preventing and Responding to Cyberbullying. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications (Corwin Press). 2nd Edition. ISBN: 1483349934. http://www.cyberbullyingbook.com
IncorrectWhen it comes to cyberbullying, the concept of “stranger danger” is not usually accurate. According to Bullying Beyond the Schoolyard: Preventing and Responding to Cyberbullying, 21.1% of victims said the cyberbully was a friend, 20% said it was an ex-friend, and 26.5% said it was someone else from school. Only 6.5% said the cyberbully was a stranger. Articles published in the Journal of Adolescent Health also found that most youth are victimized by someone that they know, and the conflict that prompts the harassment often originates at school.
Hinduja, S. & Patchin, J. W. (2009). Bullying beyond the Schoolyard: Preventing and Responding to Cyberbullying. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications (ISBN: 9781412966894).
See also:
Felmlee, D., & Faris, R. (2016). Toxic ties: Networks of friendship, dating, and cyber victimization. Social Psychology Quarterly, 79(3), 243-262.
Kowalski, R. M., & Limber, S. P. (2007). Electronic Bullying Among Middle School Students. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41, S22-S30.
Ybarra, M. L., Diener-West, M., & Leaf, P. J. (2007). Examining the Overlap in Internet Harassment and School Bullying: Implications for School Intervention. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41, S42-S50.
Hinduja, S. & Patchin, J. W. (2015). Bullying Beyond the Schoolyard: Preventing and Responding to Cyberbullying. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications (Corwin Press). 2nd Edition. ISBN: 1483349934. http://www.cyberbullyingbook.com
- Question 5 of 15
5. Question
Boys are more likely to be targets of cyberbullying than girls.
CorrectWhile there are some differences found in the research, overall it appears that girls are slightly more likely to report being the target of cyberbullying than boys. More studies have reported either that girls are more likely to be victims or that there are no gender differences in cyberbullying. When looking at lifetime experiences versus more recent experiences, the prevalence rates are even higher for girls. For more information, see the articles below.
Baldry, A. C., Farrington, D. P., & Sorrentino, A. (2017). School bullying and cyberbullying among boys and girls: Roles and overlap. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 26(9), 937-951.
Hinduja, S. & Patchin, J. W. (2008). Cyberbullying: An Exploratory Analysis of Factors Related to Offending and Victimization. Deviant Behavior, 29(2), 129-156.
Li, Q. (2005). New Bottle but Old Wine: A Research of Cyberbullying in Schools. Computers in Human Behavior, 23(4), 1777-1791.
Ybarra, M. L., Diener-West, M., & Leaf, P. J. (2007). Does online harassment constitute bullying? An exploration of online harassment by known peers and online-only contacts. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41, S51-58.
Floros, G.D., Simos, K. E., Fisoun, V., Dafouli, E., and Geroukalis, D. (2013). Adolescent online cyberbullying in Greece: The impact of parental online security practices, bonding, and online impulsiveness. Journal of School Health, 83(6), 445-453.
Schneider, S.K., O’Donnell, L, Stueve, A., and Coulter, R.W.S. (2012). Cyberbullying, school bullying, and psychological distress: A regional census of high school students. American Journal of Public Health, 102(1), 171-177.
IncorrectWhile there are some differences found in the research, overall it appears that girls are slightly more likely to report being the target of cyberbullying than boys. More studies have reported either that girls are more likely to be victims or that there are no gender differences in cyberbullying. When looking at lifetime experiences versus more recent experiences, the prevalence rates are even higher for girls. For more information, see the articles below.
Baldry, A. C., Farrington, D. P., & Sorrentino, A. (2017). School bullying and cyberbullying among boys and girls: Roles and overlap. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 26(9), 937-951.
Hinduja, S. & Patchin, J. W. (2008). Cyberbullying: An Exploratory Analysis of Factors Related to Offending and Victimization. Deviant Behavior, 29(2), 129-156.
Li, Q. (2005). New Bottle but Old Wine: A Research of Cyberbullying in Schools. Computers in Human Behavior, 23(4), 1777-1791.
Ybarra, M. L., Diener-West, M., & Leaf, P. J. (2007). Does online harassment constitute bullying? An exploration of online harassment by known peers and online-only contacts. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41, S51-58.
Floros, G.D., Simos, K. E., Fisoun, V., Dafouli, E., and Geroukalis, D. (2013). Adolescent online cyberbullying in Greece: The impact of parental online security practices, bonding, and online impulsiveness. Journal of School Health, 83(6), 445-453.
Schneider, S.K., O’Donnell, L, Stueve, A., and Coulter, R.W.S. (2012). Cyberbullying, school bullying, and psychological distress: A regional census of high school students. American Journal of Public Health, 102(1), 171-177.
- Question 6 of 15
6. Question
Those who engage in traditional schoolyard bullying are also likely to engage in cyberbullying..
CorrectAccording to one of our research articles published in Deviant Behavior, those who bully others in traditional ways are 2.5 times more likely to cyberbully others than someone who does not.
Hinduja, S. & Patchin, J. W. (2008). Cyberbullying: An Exploratory Analysis of Factors Related to Offending and Victimization. Deviant Behavior, 29(2), 129-156.
Research is also clear that there is significant overlap among those who are traditionally bullied and those who are cyberbullied. See the following studies for more information:
Shin, H. H., Braithwaite, V., & Ahmed, E. (2016). Cyber-and face-to-face bullying: who crosses over?. Social Psychology of Education, 19(3), 537-567.
Waasdorp, T. E., & Bradshaw, C. P. (2015). The overlap between cyberbullying and traditional bullying. Journal of Adolescent Health, 56(5), 483-488.Kowalski, R. M., Morgan, C. A., & Limber, S. P. (2012). Traditional bullying as a potential warning sign of cyberbullying. School Psychology International, 33(5), 505-519.IncorrectAccording to one of our research articles published in Deviant Behavior, those who bully others in traditional ways are 2.5 times more likely to cyberbully others than someone who does not.
Hinduja, S. & Patchin, J. W. (2008). Cyberbullying: An Exploratory Analysis of Factors Related to Offending and Victimization. Deviant Behavior, 29(2), 129-156.
Research is also clear that there is significant overlap among those who are traditionally bullied and those who are cyberbullied. See the following studies for more information:
Shin, H. H., Braithwaite, V., & Ahmed, E. (2016). Cyber-and face-to-face bullying: who crosses over?. Social Psychology of Education, 19(3), 537-567.
Waasdorp, T. E., & Bradshaw, C. P. (2015). The overlap between cyberbullying and traditional bullying. Journal of Adolescent Health, 56(5), 483-488.Kowalski, R. M., Morgan, C. A., & Limber, S. P. (2012). Traditional bullying as a potential warning sign of cyberbullying. School Psychology International, 33(5), 505-519. - Question 7 of 15
7. Question
Research has shown that parents utilizing blocking and filtering software decreases the likelihood of experiencing cyberbullying.
CorrectSo, we want to point out that the answer has changed over time. According to an article published in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry in 2004, using filtering software was not significantly related to a decreased chance of Internet harassment victimization.
Ybarra, M. L., & Mitchell, J. K. (2004). Online aggressor/targets, aggressors and targets: A comparison of associated youth characteristics. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45, 1308-1316.
However, recent research increasingly finds that parental mediation (in the form of restrictive software but also rule-setting, boundaries, co-sharing of devices, and general involvement in the online activities of their kids) does seem to reduce risks. However, it also seems to decrease opportunities for youth to embrace and take advantage of the positives of online participation, and also may decrease communication between parents and kids as the latter are more hesitant to be open and candid with their folks. Please see the following research piecces:
Wright, M. (2018). Cyberbullying victimization through social networking sites and adjustment difficulties: The role of parental mediation. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 19(2), 113-123.
Livingstone, S., Ólafsson, K., Helsper, E. J., Lupiáñez-Villanueva, F., Veltri, G. A., & Folkvord, F. (2017). Maximizing opportunities and minimizing risks for children online: The role of digital skills in emerging strategies of parental mediation. Journal of Communication, 67(1), 82-105.
Navarro, R., Serna, C., Martínez, V., & Ruiz-Oliva, R. (2013). The role of Internet use and parental mediation on cyberbullying victimization among Spanish children from rural public schools. European journal of psychology of education, 28(3), 725-745.
IncorrectSo, we want to point out that the answer has changed over time. According to an article published in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry in 2004, using filtering software was not significantly related to a decreased chance of Internet harassment victimization.
Ybarra, M. L., & Mitchell, J. K. (2004). Online aggressor/targets, aggressors and targets: A comparison of associated youth characteristics. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45, 1308-1316.
However, recent research increasingly finds that parental mediation (in the form of restrictive software but also rule-setting, boundaries, co-sharing of devices, and general involvement in the online activities of their kids) does seem to reduce risks. However, it also seems to decrease opportunities for youth to embrace and take advantage of the positives of online participation, and also may decrease communication between parents and kids as the latter are more hesitant to be open and candid with their folks. Please see the following research piecces:
Wright, M. (2018). Cyberbullying victimization through social networking sites and adjustment difficulties: The role of parental mediation. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 19(2), 113-123.
Livingstone, S., Ólafsson, K., Helsper, E. J., Lupiáñez-Villanueva, F., Veltri, G. A., & Folkvord, F. (2017). Maximizing opportunities and minimizing risks for children online: The role of digital skills in emerging strategies of parental mediation. Journal of Communication, 67(1), 82-105.
Navarro, R., Serna, C., Martínez, V., & Ruiz-Oliva, R. (2013). The role of Internet use and parental mediation on cyberbullying victimization among Spanish children from rural public schools. European journal of psychology of education, 28(3), 725-745.
- Question 8 of 15
8. Question
More students experience more cyberbullying than bullying at school.
CorrectConventional wisdom would have us believe that since technology has proliferated over the last decade and stories of cyberbullying are frequently mentioned in the news, it is likely more prevalent than traditional, schoolyard bullying. However, research demonstrates that this is not the case (at least not yet). Most studies that have collected data on both behaviors show that bullying still happens more frequently at school than online.
https://cyberbullying.org/facts
https://cyberbullying.org/new-national-bullying-cyberbullying-data
Sabella, R. A., Patchin, J. W., & Hinduja, S. (2013). Cyberbullying myths and realities. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(6), 2703-2711.
Wang, J., Nansel, T. R., & Iannotti, R. J. (2011). Cyber Bullying and Traditional Bullying: Differential Association with Depression. Journal of Adolescent Health, 48(4): 415–417.
IncorrectConventional wisdom would have us believe that since technology has proliferated over the last decade and stories of cyberbullying are frequently mentioned in the news, it is likely more prevalent than traditional, schoolyard bullying. However, research demonstrates that this is not the case (at least not yet). Most studies that have collected data on both behaviors show that bullying still happens more frequently at school than online.
https://cyberbullying.org/facts
https://cyberbullying.org/new-national-bullying-cyberbullying-data
Sabella, R. A., Patchin, J. W., & Hinduja, S. (2013). Cyberbullying myths and realities. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(6), 2703-2711.
Wang, J., Nansel, T. R., & Iannotti, R. J. (2011). Cyber Bullying and Traditional Bullying: Differential Association with Depression. Journal of Adolescent Health, 48(4): 415–417.
- Question 9 of 15
9. Question
Most who cyberbully others are outcasts or just mean kids.
CorrectMost cyberbullying is done by regular kids who are getting revenge for some real or perceived threat or injury, or by those who think they are just joking around. According to Englander (2008): ‘‘Cyberbullies themselves identify their own anger and desire for revenge as the major immediate motive for engaging in cyberbullying. A second motive is identified by students who report that they engage in cyberbullying ‘as a joke.’” They aren’t just “mean kids” or those who are marginalized.
Sabella, R. A., Patchin, J. W., & Hinduja, S. (2013). Cyberbullying myths and realities. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(6), 2703-2711.
Englander, E. K. (2008). Research brief: Cyberbullying & bullying in Massachusetts: Frequency & motivations. http://webhost.bridgew.edu/marc/MARC%20findings%20summary%202008.pdf.
Other qualitative research has pointed out that at least among a sample of high schoolers, internal motivations for cyberbullying (redirect feelings, revenge, make themselves feel better, boredom, instigation, protection, jealousy, seeking approval, trying out a new persona, anonymity/disinhibition effect) were stronger than external motivations (no consequences, non-confrontational, target was different).
Varjas, K., Talley, J., Meyers, J., Parris, L., & Cutts, H. (2010). High school students’ perceptions of motivations for cyberbullying: An exploratory study. Western Journal of Emergency Medicine, 11(3), 269.Among college students, the top three motivations for engaging in cyberbullying and online aggression includes cyber sanctioning (pressure from one’s peers to modify his/her behavior), power struggles (the attempt to hurt, humiliate, or influence the behavior of another individual in order to gain or regain access to some valued resource), and entertainment (trolling).Rafferty, R., & Vander Ven, T. (2014). “I hate everything about you”: A qualitative examination of cyberbullying and on-line aggression in a college sample. Deviant Behavior, 35(5), 364-377.IncorrectMost cyberbullying is done by regular kids who are getting revenge for some real or perceived threat or injury, or by those who think they are just joking around. According to Englander (2008): ‘‘Cyberbullies themselves identify their own anger and desire for revenge as the major immediate motive for engaging in cyberbullying. A second motive is identified by students who report that they engage in cyberbullying ‘as a joke.’” They aren’t just “mean kids” or those who are marginalized.
Sabella, R. A., Patchin, J. W., & Hinduja, S. (2013). Cyberbullying myths and realities. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(6), 2703-2711.
Englander, E. K. (2008). Research brief: Cyberbullying & bullying in Massachusetts: Frequency & motivations. http://webhost.bridgew.edu/marc/MARC%20findings%20summary%202008.pdf.
Other qualitative research has pointed out that at least among a sample of high schoolers, internal motivations for cyberbullying (redirect feelings, revenge, make themselves feel better, boredom, instigation, protection, jealousy, seeking approval, trying out a new persona, anonymity/disinhibition effect) were stronger than external motivations (no consequences, non-confrontational, target was different).
Varjas, K., Talley, J., Meyers, J., Parris, L., & Cutts, H. (2010). High school students’ perceptions of motivations for cyberbullying: An exploratory study. Western Journal of Emergency Medicine, 11(3), 269.Among college students, the top three motivations for engaging in cyberbullying and online aggression includes cyber sanctioning (pressure from one’s peers to modify his/her behavior), power struggles (the attempt to hurt, humiliate, or influence the behavior of another individual in order to gain or regain access to some valued resource), and entertainment (trolling).Rafferty, R., & Vander Ven, T. (2014). “I hate everything about you”: A qualitative examination of cyberbullying and on-line aggression in a college sample. Deviant Behavior, 35(5), 364-377. - Question 10 of 15
10. Question
Teens are less likely to cyberbully others if they know their friends don’t do it.
CorrectThis is true. Peers have such a strong influence during adolescence, as we all know. “Youth who believed that many of their friends were involved in bullying and cyberbullying were themselves more likely to report cyberbullying behaviors.”
Hinduja, S. & Patchin, J. W. (2013). Social influences on cyberbullying behaviors among middle and high school students. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 42(5), 711-722.
Also, see:
Bastiaensens, S., Pabian, S., Vandebosch, H., Poels, K., Van Cleemput, K., DeSmet, A., & De Bourdeaudhuij, I. (2016). From normative influence to social pressure: How relevant others affect whether bystanders join in cyberbullying. Social Development, 25(1), 193-211.
Sasson, H., & Mesch, G. (2017). The role of parental mediation and peer norms on the likelihood of cyberbullying. The Journal of genetic psychology, 178(1), 15-27.
IncorrectThis is true. Peers have such a strong influence during adolescence, as we all know. “Youth who believed that many of their friends were involved in bullying and cyberbullying were themselves more likely to report cyberbullying behaviors.”
Hinduja, S. & Patchin, J. W. (2013). Social influences on cyberbullying behaviors among middle and high school students. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 42(5), 711-722.
Also, see:
Bastiaensens, S., Pabian, S., Vandebosch, H., Poels, K., Van Cleemput, K., DeSmet, A., & De Bourdeaudhuij, I. (2016). From normative influence to social pressure: How relevant others affect whether bystanders join in cyberbullying. Social Development, 25(1), 193-211.
Sasson, H., & Mesch, G. (2017). The role of parental mediation and peer norms on the likelihood of cyberbullying. The Journal of genetic psychology, 178(1), 15-27.
- Question 11 of 15
11. Question
All U.S. states formally require schools to have anti-bullying policies.
CorrectYes, this is true. As of 2019, every state has a bullying law, but what they require of schools varies among states. That said, all 50 states now require school districts to adopt policies prohibiting bullying of students. Most do it through “laws,” and others do it through “administrative rules” (like Montana). Please see the US map at the link below, where we detail this and also share whether the state’s policy includes a school-based sanction, includes a criminal sanction, and and codifies that schools can discipline students for off-campus, online behavior that substantially disrupts the learning environment. We’ve also provided the text of the specific law for each state as well.
IncorrectYes, this is true. As of 2019, every state has a bullying law, but what they require of schools varies among states. That said, all 50 states now require school districts to adopt policies prohibiting bullying of students. Most do it through “laws,” and others do it through “administrative rules” (like Montana). Please see the US map at the link below, where we detail this and also share whether the state’s policy includes a school-based sanction, includes a criminal sanction, and and codifies that schools can discipline students for off-campus, online behavior that substantially disrupts the learning environment. We’ve also provided the text of the specific law for each state as well.
- Question 12 of 15
12. Question
Cyberbullying rates have been increasing dramatically over the last five years in the United States.
CorrectThere are three studies that we are aware of that have explored cyberbullying experiences over time. One was conducted by Lisa Jones and her colleagues at the University of New Hampshire. Examining the three waves of the Youth Internet Safety Survey (2000, 2005, 2010), they find a slight increase in cyberbullying behaviors over that time period (from 6% to 9% to 11%). But these rates don’t cover the most recent five year period. The second data source (the School Crime Supplement to the National Crime Victimization Survey) also showed a slight increase from 2009 to 2011 (6.2% to 9%), but then a decrease from 2011 to 2013 (9% to 6.7%) before an increase to 11.5% in 2015 (the most recent data available). Finally the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance, conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, started to measure electronic bullying in 2011. In 2015 (the most recent year available), 15.5% of students reported that they were bullied electronically, compared to 14.8% in 2013 and 16.2% in 2011.
Jones, L. M., Mitchell, K. J., Finkelhor, D. (2013). Online harassment in context: Trends from three Youth Internet Safety Surveys. Psychology of Violence, 3(1), 53-69.
IncorrectThere are three studies that we are aware of that have explored cyberbullying experiences over time. One was conducted by Lisa Jones and her colleagues at the University of New Hampshire. Examining the three waves of the Youth Internet Safety Survey (2000, 2005, 2010), they find a slight increase in cyberbullying behaviors over that time period (from 6% to 9% to 11%). But these rates don’t cover the most recent five year period. The second data source (the School Crime Supplement to the National Crime Victimization Survey) also showed a slight increase from 2009 to 2011 (6.2% to 9%), but then a decrease from 2011 to 2013 (9% to 6.7%) before an increase to 11.5% in 2015 (the most recent data available). Finally the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance, conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, started to measure electronic bullying in 2011. In 2015 (the most recent year available), 15.5% of students reported that they were bullied electronically, compared to 14.8% in 2013 and 16.2% in 2011.
Jones, L. M., Mitchell, K. J., Finkelhor, D. (2013). Online harassment in context: Trends from three Youth Internet Safety Surveys. Psychology of Violence, 3(1), 53-69.
- Question 13 of 15
13. Question
Those who have been cyberbullied tend to have lower self-esteem than those who have not been cyberbullied.
CorrectA 2010 article published in the Journal of School Health found “A moderate and statistically significant relationship exists between low self-esteem and experiences with cyberbullying.”
Patchin, J. W. & Hinduja, S. (2010). Cyberbullying and self-esteem. Journal of School Health, 80(12), 614-621.
Similar findings have been found since then:
Brighi, A., Melotti, G., Guarini, A., Genta, M. L., Ortega, R., Mora‐Merchán, J., … & Thompson, F. (2012). Self‐Esteem and Loneliness in Relation to Cyberbullying in Three European Countries. Cyberbullying in the global playground: Research from international perspectives, 32-56.Cénat, J. M., Hébert, M., Blais, M., Lavoie, F., Guerrier, M., & Derivois, D. (2014). Cyberbullying, psychological distress and self-esteem among youth in Quebec schools. Journal of affective disorders, 169, 7-9.Brewer, G. & Kerslake, J. (2015). Cyberbullying, self-esteem, empathy and loneliness. Computers in Human Behavior, 48, 255-260.
IncorrectA 2010 article published in the Journal of School Health found “A moderate and statistically significant relationship exists between low self-esteem and experiences with cyberbullying.”
Patchin, J. W. & Hinduja, S. (2010). Cyberbullying and self-esteem. Journal of School Health, 80(12), 614-621.
Similar findings have been found since then:
Brighi, A., Melotti, G., Guarini, A., Genta, M. L., Ortega, R., Mora‐Merchán, J., … & Thompson, F. (2012). Self‐Esteem and Loneliness in Relation to Cyberbullying in Three European Countries. Cyberbullying in the global playground: Research from international perspectives, 32-56.Cénat, J. M., Hébert, M., Blais, M., Lavoie, F., Guerrier, M., & Derivois, D. (2014). Cyberbullying, psychological distress and self-esteem among youth in Quebec schools. Journal of affective disorders, 169, 7-9.Brewer, G. & Kerslake, J. (2015). Cyberbullying, self-esteem, empathy and loneliness. Computers in Human Behavior, 48, 255-260.
- Question 14 of 15
14. Question
Educators do not have the authority to discipline students for cyberbullying that does not occur at school.
CorrectWhile this can be a challenging issue, a number of federal district court cases have attempted to clarify the conditions under which school officials can discipline students for off-campus behavior. For example, in J.S. v. Bethlehem Area School District (2000), the court made it clear that schools do have the authority to discipline students when speech articulated or behavior committed off‐campus results in a clear disruption of the school environment. If any off-campus behavior results in a substantial disruption at school, they can intervene.
Moreover, if students are denied the opportunity to learn in a safe environment (because of cyberbullying), school officials who fail to act may also be found liable under the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and/or Title IX of the Educational Amendments of 1972.
Hinduja, S. & Patchin, J. W. (2011). Cyberbullying: A review of the legal issues facing educators. Preventing School Failure: Alternative Education for Children and Youth, 55(2), 71-78.
IncorrectWhile this can be a challenging issue, a number of federal district court cases have attempted to clarify the conditions under which school officials can discipline students for off-campus behavior. For example, in J.S. v. Bethlehem Area School District (2000), the court made it clear that schools do have the authority to discipline students when speech articulated or behavior committed off‐campus results in a clear disruption of the school environment. If any off-campus behavior results in a substantial disruption at school, they can intervene.
Moreover, if students are denied the opportunity to learn in a safe environment (because of cyberbullying), school officials who fail to act may also be found liable under the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and/or Title IX of the Educational Amendments of 1972.
Hinduja, S. & Patchin, J. W. (2011). Cyberbullying: A review of the legal issues facing educators. Preventing School Failure: Alternative Education for Children and Youth, 55(2), 71-78.
- Question 15 of 15
15. Question
Cyberbullying is just a problem in the United States.
CorrectThere have been a number of recent studies which have demonstrated that cyberbullying is also a problem in a number of other countries (Australia, Canada, Greece, Sweden, Turkey). Below are some examples of recent journal articles that address cyberbullying in other countries. In addition, several other studies are underway exploring cyberbullying across the world.
Please see our interactive map depicting Cyberbullying Research by Country to learn of published research articles from various nations around the globe.
Additionally, please see these articles:
Baldry, A. C., Catherine, B., & David, F. (2018). International Perspectives on Cyberbullying. Palgrave Macmillan.
Lee, C., & Shin, N. (2017). Prevalence of cyberbullying and predictors of cyberbullying perpetration among Korean adolescents. Computers in Human Behavior, 68, 352-358.
Aricak, T., et al. (2008). Cyberbullying among Turkish adolescents. CyberPsychology and Behavior, 11(3), 253-261.
Brandtzæg, P. B., Staksrud, E., Hagen, I., & Wold, T. (2009). Norwegian children’s experiences of cyberbullying when using different technological platforms. Journal of Children and Media, 3(4), 349-365.
Fleming, M. J., Greentree, S., Cocotti-Muller, D., Elias, K. A., and Morrison, S. (2006). Safety in cyberspace: Adolescents’ safety and exposure online. Youth and Society, 38(2), 135-154
Floros, G.D., Simos, K. E., Fisoun, V., Dafouli, E., and Geroukalis, D. (2013). Adolescent online cyberbullying in Greece: The impact of parental online security practices, bonding, and online impulsiveness. Journal of School Health, 83(6), 445-453.
Li, Q. (2007). Bullying in the new playground: Research into cyberbullying and Cybervictimisation. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 23(4), 435-454.
Li, Q., Cross, D., & Smith, P. K. (Eds.). (2011). Cyberbullying in the global playground: Research from international perspectives. John Wiley & Sons.Riebel, J. R. S. J., Jäger, R. S., & Fischer, U. C. (2009). Cyberbullying in Germany–an exploration of prevalence, overlapping with real life bullying and coping strategies. Psychology Science Quarterly, 51(3), 298-314.Slonje, R. and Smith, P. K. (2008). Cyberbullying: Another main type of bullying? Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 49, 147-154.
Vazsonyi, A. T., Machackova, H., Sevcikova, A., Smahel, D., & Cerna, A. (2012). Cyberbullying in context: Direct and indirect effects by low self-control across 25 European countries. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 9(2), 210-227.IncorrectThere have been a number of recent studies which have demonstrated that cyberbullying is also a problem in a number of other countries (Australia, Canada, Greece, Sweden, Turkey). Below are some examples of recent journal articles that address cyberbullying in other countries. In addition, several other studies are underway exploring cyberbullying across the world.
Please see our interactive map depicting Cyberbullying Research by Country to learn of published research articles from various nations around the globe.
Additionally, please see these articles:
Baldry, A. C., Catherine, B., & David, F. (2018). International Perspectives on Cyberbullying. Palgrave Macmillan.
Lee, C., & Shin, N. (2017). Prevalence of cyberbullying and predictors of cyberbullying perpetration among Korean adolescents. Computers in Human Behavior, 68, 352-358.
Aricak, T., et al. (2008). Cyberbullying among Turkish adolescents. CyberPsychology and Behavior, 11(3), 253-261.
Brandtzæg, P. B., Staksrud, E., Hagen, I., & Wold, T. (2009). Norwegian children’s experiences of cyberbullying when using different technological platforms. Journal of Children and Media, 3(4), 349-365.
Fleming, M. J., Greentree, S., Cocotti-Muller, D., Elias, K. A., and Morrison, S. (2006). Safety in cyberspace: Adolescents’ safety and exposure online. Youth and Society, 38(2), 135-154
Floros, G.D., Simos, K. E., Fisoun, V., Dafouli, E., and Geroukalis, D. (2013). Adolescent online cyberbullying in Greece: The impact of parental online security practices, bonding, and online impulsiveness. Journal of School Health, 83(6), 445-453.
Li, Q. (2007). Bullying in the new playground: Research into cyberbullying and Cybervictimisation. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 23(4), 435-454.
Li, Q., Cross, D., & Smith, P. K. (Eds.). (2011). Cyberbullying in the global playground: Research from international perspectives. John Wiley & Sons.Riebel, J. R. S. J., Jäger, R. S., & Fischer, U. C. (2009). Cyberbullying in Germany–an exploration of prevalence, overlapping with real life bullying and coping strategies. Psychology Science Quarterly, 51(3), 298-314.Slonje, R. and Smith, P. K. (2008). Cyberbullying: Another main type of bullying? Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 49, 147-154.
Vazsonyi, A. T., Machackova, H., Sevcikova, A., Smahel, D., & Cerna, A. (2012). Cyberbullying in context: Direct and indirect effects by low self-control across 25 European countries. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 9(2), 210-227.
Cyber bullying is a form of threatening, harassing, humiliating, insulting, targeting or embarrassing kids, preteens or teens, by another person. Rude humor, embarrassing posts, threatening texts, etc. can lead to cyber bullying. The best one can do to stay away from this is to either stop making any sort of contact with that person or just telling an adult about the matter. Digital footprints are a major cause of cyber bullying as anyone can track your online activity, without your knowledge. Searching oneself on an Search Engine can help as you can view the posts about yourself.Hiding personal information can also prevent any such things from happening.
Cyber bulling is not good for teenagers
I learned that not all schools have anti bullying policies .
Cyber bullying is a form of threatening,harassing,humiliating.
Cyber bullying is a form of harassing and insulting.
I learned that school house bullying happens more then cyber bullying.
This website is very informational. I learned that cyber bullying is not good for teens,and we can be very resulting in a bad way.
According the research and the article, something new I have learned is that most teens and children who are being cyber bullied don't tell authorities, parents, or teachers about it.
I learned a lot of things from this website. A fact that I learned from the article is that girls are more likely to get cyber-bullied than boys.
I learned that not all schools have anti-bulling policies.
I learned that more girls get cyber bullied then boys do
I learned that Cyber bullying is a form of threatening and it's not fair to victims and those who are bullied feels left out and hurt.
This lesson was a great way to learn that cyber bullying is bad!
Traditional bullying is more common than cyber bullying.
I learned that boys are less common to be bullied than girls are.
I have learned that Cyber bullying is related to low self-esteem, suicidal ideation, anger, frustration, and a variety of other emotional and psychological problems. Also, Cyberbullying is related to other issues in the ‘real world’ including school problems, anti-social behavior, substance use, and delinquency. However, Traditional bullying is still more common than cyber bullying. People cyber bully because they probably have been cyber bullied in the past. In conclusion, Adolescent girls are just as likely, if not more likely than boys to experience cyber bullying.
Something that I learned is that most people don't get cyberbullied often.
i learned that some kids who get cybered bullied do not tell adults
I like this quiz because it helps people learn what to do when there is a cyber bully. I also learned that not all states in the USA have rules on people cyber bullying in the US on the internet.
Cyberbullying is the act of harming or harassing via information technology networks in a repeated and deliberate manner. According to U.S. Legal Definitions, "cyber-bullying could be limited to posting rumors or gossips about a person in the internet bringing about hatred in other’s minds; or it may go to the extent of personally identifying victims and publishing materials severely defaming and humiliating them." With the increased use of communication technology, cyber bullying has become increasingly common, especially among teenagers. Awareness has also risen, due in part to high-profile cases like the suicide of Tyler Clementi.
I learned that there are many different ways to stop cyberbullying and how to handle a cyberbully.
cyberbullying is harming someone on the web. It is usually someone that is scared to say it to your face so they do it over the web.
I feel as if every post online should be filtered and monitored to prevent any/every one from being bullied
Cyber bullying is when you harass someone via internet. It can be through social media or private messaging. Some people even go as far as to hack other peoples accounts and post and or say something that the other person wouldn't dare let come out of their mouth or use that persons account to spread rumors and get them in trouble. Cyber bullying is most common among teenagers and the cyber bullying rate has risen greatly.
cyberbullying makes teens feel many different things and make them not like themselves. suicidal thoughts will occur, eating disorders will happen, depression will grow, self-harm will begin, and sometimes suicide actually happens. we need to watch who we follow on social media, pay attention to what social medias we use, and choose our friends wisely.
-k.e.
cyberbullying can really hurt someone mentally and physically. we all need to come to together to stop cyberbullying.
Cyber bullying is a form of harrasing someone over the internet, without having ti say the words to their face. Cyber bullying is a major contributor to depression and lowering self-esteem in many teens. By watching what we say or post on social media we can prevent ourself from being involved in cyber bullying.
Cyberbullying is not ok for anyone to do, it hurts people and lets them down. Cyberbullying needs to stop because it makes kids or even adults feels so low about themselves like they don't mean anything to anyone.
Cyber bullying is the worst kind of bullying because maybe that are in a group on what's up you cyber bully every body will think your a terrible man
STOP CYBERBULLYING.
We are doing a project on cyber bullying so please stop cyber bullying and add a comment if you have an idea send it to our email please help stop cyber bullying this is for all the cyber bullies out there
Cyber Bullying is not an okay thing to do. I have been bullied online by text message whatever way of bullying you can think of it has happen to me. I honestly am sick and tired of seeing and being bullied. I want it to stop but that will never happen.
I feel like a lot of times people put themselves in positions to start drama and bullying, just prevent that by remaining neutral in things that are not as important.
your viewpoint sounds as if you've been through a lot of drama yourself.
Cyber bullying is a terrible form of harassment, insults, humiliation, and torment towards other people. It happens over the internet, where nobody can see their face, and most of the time able to get away with it. Stop cyber bullying. It has taken too many lives.
I have been Cyber-stalked for over eight years and don't know where to turn
cyberbullying is not the way to go , it is cruel and uncalled for . People think its funny and fun to harass and torment another human being . Everyone has feelings and you never know what kind of tole it can take on a person . Cyberbullying is not acceptable, the people that do it certainly have no life and waste their time making fun of others . Threats and serious comments to others might cause serious damage to the persons life , thats why you have to watch what you say and post on the internet not everythings good to put out in the world .
cyberbullying is bad for every one
I learned alot through this. I am now going to make a youtube channel about this and share my story with the internet as well as my instagram. this all needs to stop. peace, y'all!
I learned alot through this. I am now going to make a youtube channel about this and share my story with the internet as well as my instagram. this all needs to stop. peace, y'all!
The cyberbullying is not good because it causes serious harm to peoples's lives. It is not something that should be practiced.
THIS WAS A GREAT QUIZ ON CYBER BULLING NEED TO TEACH IN MANY OF THE SCHOOL IN THE UNITED STATES
people will not be able to stop these attacks 😓
I've learned that most cyber bullies are just real life bullies that you probably know that like to harass people.
Opened our eyes to cyberbullying – it impacts more of us than realized at the same time, smaller percentage than we thought.
It is a challenge for teachers to be able to educate our students to surf the net safely. In this course I have learned many resources to do so.
Thank you very much for the quiz. I had a question. When I started to answer the questions, I saw a message on the screen about ebook. Is it related to your reaserch center? Thanx
It is! It is a book filled with activities, projects, and assessments to use with youth!
thank you for this quiz, i was ten well and five bad, i must to read more about cyberbullying, i need more time.
Anita D
I've learned a lot but I think we still need to be informed because every day new dangers are emerging for our students
I learned that there are many different ways to stop cyberbullying and how to handle a cyberbully.
Cyberbullying bullying or harassment using electronic forms of contact.
Cyberbullying it’s a very wrong thing to do. I’m agree with Lauren. Are terrible ways of insults, herassments, offenses, etc. I think Cyberbullying needs to end because people should respect the differences. Childrens and teenagers that are suffering Cyberbullying should Talk to your parents and teachers about the subject for they’re pain and sorrow over.
Thiago Souza
I agree with Lauren. Cyberbullying it’s a horrible way of insults, herassments, humilliations and offenses against people. It’s a real problem that should end in USA and other countries.
Thiago Souza
I agree with Lauren. Cyberbullying it’s a horrible way of insults, herassments, humilliations and offenses against people. Cyberbullying should over.
Cyberbullying is not acceptable, the people that do it certainly have no life and waste their time making fun of others .
Cyberbullying is a form of bullyng as cruel as bullying itself
Cyberbullying is bullying that is taken place over digital devices like cell phones, computers, and tablets. Cyberbullying can occur through text, apps, or online in social media, or gaming where people can view, participate, or share content. Cyberbullying includes sending, posting, or sharing negative ,false, harmful, or mean content about someone else. It can include sharing private or personal information about someone resulting in embarrassment or humiliation. Some cyberbullying crosses the line into criminal or unlawful behavior.
I believe that cyber bulling is not an okay thing to do as not until is it the same thing as bulling someone in real life its just on the internet. bulling people like this affects their lives this is not okay.
We agree Cole. I’m glad you have a good heart and look out for those who are targeted. Continue to stand up for what is right, and I believe life will work out for you.
I learned that (cyber bulling) is more common for females.
Cyber bullying is a cruel form of making fun of a person for their appearance of the person they are themselves. What is crueler is that not even all victims of cyberbullying tell an adult about it. Cyber bullying is the act of bullying a person online, mostly social media and targeted at females. Cyberbullying can occur through text, apps, or online in social media, or gaming where people can view, participate, or share content.
I agree with this. cyber bulling is a big problem.
cyber bullying is very wrong it is almost worse than bullying in someones face.
I learned how much cyberbullying affects people, and also girls are most likely to be cyberbullied than boys.