Over five years ago I saw a statistic that jumped out at me: “160,000 students stay home from school every day because of bullying.” This is a compelling and frankly unacceptable number. I thought about including it in a book that Sameer and I were working on at the time. As I started to dig into its origin, I quickly learned that it was frequently reported but rarely attributed to any specific study. I came to see the stat as a ubiquitous headline in many anti-bullying blog posts, articles, and books, and yet very few authors cited their source (my students know this is a particular peeve of mine). Most commonly, the statistic was credited vaguely to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) or the National Association of School Psychologists. I never did find its original source (and therefore didn’t include it in the book), but instead wrote my own blog post pleading with writers to ensure the validity of—and cite—their sources.
The closest I came to finding existing national data to attempt to answer this question was the CDC’s Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System survey. In 2015, it found that 5.6% of high school students said they did not go to school because they “felt unsafe at school or on the way to school” on at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey. Converted to raw numbers, this means that about 840,000 high schoolers skipped school at least once in a month because of safety concerns. But this figure doesn’t distinguish between different reasons for feeling unsafe (and only includes 9th-12th graders).
I don’t doubt that many students skip school every day because of bullying (I did when I was in middle school), but the precise number remains elusive. In an effort to shed some more light on this issue, we included some questions in our most recent survey of approximately 5,700 middle and high school students from across the United States. Specifically, we asked youth to tell us if they had stayed home from school at any time during the last school year because they were being (1) bullied at school or (2) bullied online.
While we can’t accurately estimate exactly how many students stay home on any given day, we do know the number of students who have stayed home because of bullying over the course of a school year. According to ChildStats.gov, there were 25 million 12-17 year olds in the United States in 2015. Based on our survey, 18.5% of those (or about 4,750,000 students) have skipped school at some point in the last year because of bullying at school. Approximately 2%, or over 500,000 students, said they stayed home “many times” due to bullying.
In addition, 10% of the students we surveyed (2,750,000 students in the U.S.) said they stayed home from school because of bullying online (1.2%, or 300,000, “many times”). Taking into consideration that many students who are bullied online are also bullied at school, we can conservatively estimate that approximately 5.4 million students skip school at some point in the year due to bullying (over 530,000 skip many times).
Other findings from our study also speak to potential academic consequences of experiences with bullying. For example, about 80% of the students told us that they had been bullied at school (and 61% said they were bullied online) in a way that really affected their ability to learn and feel safe at school (at some point in their lives). Moreover, students who had been bullied or cyberbullied were significantly less likely to report that they felt safe at their school. Specifically, 76% of students who were bullied at school (and only 57% of students who had been cyberbullied) said they felt safe at their school. As a point of comparison, over 95% of students who had not been bullied or cyberbullied felt safe at their school.
Taken as a whole, these findings demonstrate the toll that bullying (both at school and online) can have on the academic success of students. We can’t expect students to do well in school if they aren’t attending regularly. While we still can’t tell you exactly how many students skip school on a given day because of bullying (or miss for some other reason), we know that many do. And many others attend school, but with a focus more on staying safe than learning. This knowledge alone should be enough to prioritize bullying prevention and school safety initiatives in 2017 and beyond.
Note: The first chart in this post “School Avoidance and Bullying” was updated on 1/25/2017 to reflect lifetime experiences with bullying and cyberbullying. The original post included those who experienced bullying and cyberbullying in the most recent 30 days.
We want to thank the Digital Trust Foundation for funding this study. Image from Flickr (loozrboy)
cyberbullying isn't okay
This is an alarming statistic. As a middle school teacher, I feel as though students can not learn when they do not feel safe. It is crucial to create a safe learning environment for students to reach their academic capabilities. If a student does not feel safe, not only will they not learn, they will not attend school since it is not safe. We need to do a better job in creating these safe environments for students.
My child wants to stay off school because of a bully what should I do ?
The school needs to provide a safe and supporting learning environment for your child. If they are being targeted by a peer at school, and your child feels unsafe because of it, they are required to intervene or else be open to claims of negligence. Please see details here: https://cyberbullying.org/cyberbullying-legal-issues.pdf – feel free to send it to your child's administrator. They really shouldn't ignore the problem – if they should be able to anticipate a foreseeable danger in your child's life, and don't do anything, it can lead to major reputational and financial fallout (apart from the harm it may do to the child).
Dr. Patchin,
I am so glad to read this article, especially the part about not citing the “160,000 students stay home from school every day because of bullying.” I did extensive research on bullying from 2009-2012 and looked tirelessly for this piece of research. I couldn’t find it. It was referenced countless times in many peer reviewed articles and even by the First Lady. It has been quoted on television and by prominent bully experts! I plan on looking back at my research to find the last article referencing the statistic. All the articles or books always referenced another article or book. The last reference I can remember was a 1994 National Association of School Psychologists article which I couldn’t find. Also, I never saw any research that had a sampling population where you could get 160,000 students that said they stayed home due to bullying in 1994. If someone does reach out to you with the research that provided the statistic, I would be extremely impressed because I don’t believe it exists. It was refreshing to read that someone truly does their research. When reading articles about bullying, I can tell if the article will be good or not by the authors name. I saw your name and knew it would be a solid article and I wasn’t disappointed.
Thanks Ronald, I appreciate the comment!